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Sex-specific analysis of mortality for malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2013
Maláková, Kateřina ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Barbora (referee)
Sex-specific analysis of mortality for malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2013 Abstract The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and describe the evolution of mortality due to malignant neoplasms in the Czech Republic from 1994 to 2013 and to study mortality of malignant neoplasms by sexes in detail in the chosen spatial and temporal distribution for the purpose of identifying possible factors which can have an influence on differences between men and women. This thesis deals with mortality from selected causes of death in the malignant neoplasms in addition to the analysis of mortality for the whole group of malignant tumours. There was used standardized mortality rate as the main indicator of mortality and the probability of death by age and decomposition of the difference in life expectancy at birth by cause of death and age between 1994 and 2013 were also used as a more detailed analysis of mortality. During the reported period standardized mortality rate decreased for the whole group of malignant neoplasms and for most particular causes of death for both sexes. It was also found that the differences between men and women are rather decreasing, but for some causes of death such as malignant neoplasm of colon, malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lungs, and malignant neoplasm...
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After Care post Breast Augmenteition
Gandiová, Petra ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Pírková, Vendula (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the nursing care of the women after a breast augmentation with silicon implants, which is the most required procedure in the aesthetic plastic surgery. In the last decades the plastic and aesthetic surgery comes to the forefront, various operational techniques are being developed. After this surgery the nursing care is very important for the good healing process and a successful result of the intervention. The theoretical part of the thesis describes not only the plastic surgery and breast augmentation in general, but also its historical development worldwide and in the Czech Republic. The anatomy and evolution of breasts is mentioned too, and a small part of silicon implants. In the theoretical part it is described everything from the preoperative preparation, postoperative care to the education of the patients in separate chapters. In the empirical part there is a quantitative investigation in form of a self-structured survey. The aim was to find out the reason for the decision to undergo an augmentation, to ascertain what the decisive factor for the respondents is when they choose the health institute and the operating surgeon and the last aim was to find out what information the patients have about the augmentation and its dangers. Based on the detected...
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A multidisciplinary team in the care of woman with the breast cancer
LIŇHOVÁ, Romana
I have chosen the following topic for my thesis "The multidisciplinary team in the care for women suffering from breast cancer" not only due to the topicality of the issue, but mainly because I work in a surgery ward where I take care of women suffering from this disease. It is a sad fact that during my tenure in this department, the number of women with this disease has been increasing and their age has been dropping. Modern diagnostic methods determine the diagnosis and a multidisciplinary team suggests the most suitable and efficient treatment. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the definition of the term 'multidisciplinary team', with its tasks and it also specifies which members of the medical staff belong to the team and what their role is. The theoretical part of the thesis further describes breast tumors, methods of their identification and their treatment, complex nursing care for women suffering from breast cancer and last but not least the importance of prevention. Two objectives were determined within the thesis. The first one was to discover whether a multidisciplinary team is involved in the care for women suffering from oncological breast disease. The other objective was to discover what consequences does the oncological breast disease have on women´s lives in connection with nursing care. Based on these objectives three research questions were identified: How does the multidisciplinary team cooperate in the care for women suffering from breast cancer? What roles does a nurse have within a multidisciplinary team dealing with breast cancer from patients' point of view? What is the most frequent impact of breast cancer on women´s life from the point of view of patients? The thesis was made as a qualitative research. For the purpose of obtaining data, the method of a semi-structured interview was applied. Interviews were recorded in a voice recorder and subsequently converted into writing. The interviews form a significant research base from which categorization and sub-categorization fields are created. The research group comprised eight women in whom breast cancer had been diagnosed and who were hospitalized in the surgery ward in February 2014.
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The effects of mastektomie on social life of women with breast cancer
VIKTOROVÁ, Vendula
Breast carcinoma is at present one of the most frequent diseases of women which affects all areas of woman ´s life and becomes all-society problem. It is an oncology disease which brings a woman and her close relatives a huge psychical and physical stress. One of the possibilities to cure the breast cancer is the chirurgical removal of the whole breast (mastectomy), which is a huge change not only in woman ´s social life. The thesis gives information on breast carcinoma, risk factors for the onset of the disease, clinical symptoms, diagnostics and the treatment of breast carcinoma. Further, it describes the possibilities of reconstruction therapy, rehabilitation and psycho- social effects of cancer. The objective of the thesis was to find out if and how mastectomy influences the social life of women. For the data elaboration the method of quantitative research by means of questioning was used. The questionnaires were addressed to women with breast carcinoma after mastectomy. The research group was created by the clients of General Faculty Hospital in Prague. The questionnaires were anonymous and voluntary, in the form of 25 closed and semi-open questions. Hypothesis H1: negative influence of mastectomy depends on the partner ´s attitude and the family support, was proved. Hypothesis H2: mastectomy negatively influences single women and women without children, was also proved. Hypothesis H3: women after mastectomy are of worsened occupational use, was disproved. The research has shown that the question of solving social issue in women after mastectomy is more and more up- to-date. Average age of respondents is 51 - 60 years. In the question concerning the change of life in women after mastectomy were most frequently mentioned the problems with the change in dressing, sport activities and psychical problems. The awareness of women on rehabilitation, reconstruction operations, possibilities of using epithesis and also on the civic partnerships focused on breast diseases should improve.
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